QUALITY AND SAFETY EDUCATION FOR NURSES Assignment

QUALITY AND SAFETY EDUCATION FOR NURSES - Assignment Example They were also to describe nationally accepted quality measures and measures and benchmarks in the practice settings (Cronenwett, Sherwood & Gelmon., 2009). However their work did not follow the hospitals policies referent to standards precautions. Nurse staffing and the quality of care can also lead to the spread of diseases in a hospital. Without a sufficient number of nurses, patient care and safety may be at high danger (Armstrong, & Barton, 2014). This can be combatted by recruitment of more nurses and increasing the funding for nursing faculty. In order to increase the quality of care offered by the nurses, the hospital nurse staffing must inform specific policies to the nursing workforce and identify possible system level changes that will contribute to a broader quality of care improvement. Improved data on nurse staffing and patients outcome will be significant in the making of further development in understanding how nursing care affects quality of care (Cronenwett, Sherwood & Gelmon., 2009). Spread of diseases in hospitals can also be brought about by the nurses and the clinical practitioners not practicing safety and precaution measures. Precautions can be in two ways; there are universal precautions and another standard precautions (Armstrong, & Barton, 2014). They both reduce the risk of transmission of diseases in the hospital. Universal precaution measures include the use of gloves which should be well fitting and available for use wherever body fluids are expected. Proper handling of contaminated instruments such as needles blades, scalpels, and other sharp objects. Proper handling of these items in terms of use, cleaning and disposal should be practiced by the clinical practitioners (Armstrong, & Barton, 2014). Another cause to disease spread in hospital is moral distress where by the clinical practitioner know the right thing to do but is inhibited from taking it. This can be because of there exists a number of

A Comparison and Contrast between the Theme of Revenge in The Visit Essay

A Comparison and Contrast between the Theme of Revenge in The Visit and Death and the Maiden - Essay Example The story goes on to show how the people of this village are gearing up to present a great pomp and show of a welcome for Claire Zachanassian - a lady who had left the village for more prosperous shores years ago; a lady the villagers hardly remember. Claire was now believed to be returning to make a million pound donation to a village hungry for any kind of monetary gain. What the villagers do not know is that the person behind their state is Claire herself, who had actually left the village upon being betrayed and left with a ruined reputation by her lover, Ill. Claire then went onto marrying and widowing exceptionally well before she used her multimillions to ruin the village. Among an eerily commanding disposition, a misshapen entourage and several artificial body parts among other eccentricities in her general demeanour, Claire was remembered for a long time afterwards by the villagers for a chilling offer. Upon reaching her old home town, Claire the multimillionaire, agreed to part with a small fraction of her fortune at the condition that someone should first murder Ill, now a happily married shopkeeper. Revenge 2 The story then goes onto explore the shades of the vehement refusal to this offer by the mayor and the villagers alike, as well as the elements revolving around the fact that they are, at the end of the day, a very desperate lot, who begin to consider the proposition before them that can very well better their lives. This creates an air of 'will they, won't they', as a highlight in the plotline as it progresses from that point onwards. It makes for a fascinating portrayal of the internal struggle of the people of Guellen as they live their desperate lives and consider what it would take to improve their condition as Durrenmatt proceeds to demonstrate the changing emotions of Ill's family, friends and acquaintances with surprising insight and in frightening detail. This brings us to the next piece of work - Death and the Maiden, by Ariel Dorfman. More on the lines of a thriller, this story is one full of dramatic shades and a very strong moral element. The central character, Paulina Escobar is the wife of a prominent lawyer in an unnamed third World country. Paulina lives with Gerardo (her husband) in a desolate coastal setting. At the very onset, readers note Paulina's agitation concerning a news bulletin about the presidential appointment of a human rights commission charged with investigating abuses by the previous regime. According to the report, her lawyer husband has been appointed committee chair. The remainder of the story concerns victim, physician, and husband of that oppressive period who through strange circumstances are brought together during the night. The turn of events leading to this is such. One day a storm forces her husband to ride home with a neighbour - only to kick up an inner storm of sorts. That chance encounter brings up demons from her past, as Paulina is convinced that the neighbour Revenge 3 (Dr. Miranda) was part of the old fascist regime that tortured and raped her, while she had been mercilessly blindfolded. The story essentially centers on Paulina Escobar, who had been a political prisoner during the oppressive period, only to be tortured by her captors. After gaining her trust by treating her kindly and playing a tape of Schubert's Death and the Maiden, Dr. Miranda, a physician cruelly participated in the abusive treatment of his powerless

Difference Between Criminal And Civil Procedure Law Essay

Difference Between Criminal And Civil Procedure Law Essay Law is a set of general rules which are created by a superior entity in order to regulate human behaviour and maintain justice and peace in the society. Law applies to everyone living in a particular territory  [1]  . There are as many legal systems in the world as countries, but for academic reasons we classify them into three main categories: Continental (Civil, Romano-Germanic) legal system, Common (Anglo-American) legal system and Religious legal system. Law can be split up in different branches such as, Criminal law, Civil law, Commercial law, etc. In this essay I will discuss the differences between Criminal and Civil procedure in Continental and Common legal system. Continental legal system is the oldest and most widely implemented legal system in the world. It derives from Roman law, Canon law and Commercial law. The Roman law started its contribution by the XII Tables which were published in 450 B.C. Later in the year 530 Justinian codified Roman law by publishing Corpus Juris Civilis. According to Justinian Roman law consisted of Ius Civile the body of laws which applied to local citizens, Ius Gentium the laws which applied to foreigners and Ius Naturale the body of laws that were considered common to all human beings  [2]  . The Canon law was developed by the Church in order to administrate and monitor the rights and obligations of the people. The needs and interests of merchants lead to the development of Commercial law. The historical sources of concepts, institutions, and procedures come from these three sub traditions. Today it is dominant in most parts of Western Europe, all of central and South America, many parts of Asia and Afric a. Continental legal system has influenced the laws of specific nations, the law of international organizations and international law. The main feature of this legal system is that all the laws are codified (i.e. written down). Common Legal System: The Common law system is one of the most influential legal systems of the world. Before 1066 in England there was no legal system, instead it was based upon oral customary rules, which varied from region to region. In 1154, Henry II institutionalised common law by establishing a unified court system which was common to the whole country. The common-law system exists in England, the United States, and other countries which were colonized by England. This makes it one of the most widespread legal systems in the world. Common Law system is mainly based on the case law or judicial precedent, this system doesnt use legislation as a primary source of law instead legislation for them is a clarification of legal rules and principles which are essentially derived from case law/judicial precedents. In this type of legal system law is developed on a case-by-case basis. In the common law system the solution to a case becomes a part of the law. This concept is known as Stare Decisis. Difference between Common and Continental Legal system: In the Common legal system the judges have very broad interpretive power. However in the Continental legal system the judges serve as civil servants who receive salary and belong to an organization of judges  [3]  . In Continental legal system all the laws are written and codified, and unlike Common legal system they are not determined by the judges. Instead they are determined by the parliament. Legislation is the primary source of law and the court system is not adversarial (i.e. the judge takes an active part in the hearings/trials). Also in the Continental legal system any updates to the laws must be made through legislation or some other long process. While in the common law system laws can be changed/updated by single rulings. This allows the common legal system to develop faster than the continental legal system. In the Continental legal system there is a major difference between public and private law. Private law includes the rules governing civil and commercial relation ships, whereas Public law consists of matters that concern the government. Similarly in Common legal system there is a difference in private and public law; however the process is slightly different. Substantive and Procedural Law: There are two main categories within law known as substantive law and procedural law. Substantive law deals with creating and defining the rights and obligations of individuals and parties. It refers to all categories of public and private law. On the other hand, procedural law is the body of legal rules which regulates the process of determining the rights and obligations of parties. Procedural law is also referred to as adjective law  [4]  . It is made up of state or federal statues, rules proclaimed by courts and standards established by constitutional law  [5]  . Common legal system pays more attention to procedural law than to substantive law. However, substantive law plays a vital role in Continental legal system. Criminal Law and Procedure: Criminal law is the body of rules and statues which define the conduct which is prohibited by the state/government because it may harm the society/public. It is a welfare that establishes punishment which will be imposed if this law is broken. Criminal procedure states the rule under which criminal cases are conducted. It involves investigation, prosecution, adjudication and the punishment of the crimes. A regular criminal proceeding, in the Continental legal system, is divided into three main parts: the investigating phase, the examining phase and the trial. The public prosecutor conducts the investigative phase and also takes an active part in the examining phase, which is supervised by the examining judge. This phase is mainly written and it determines whether there is a need for a trial or not  [6]  . The trial is a relatively brief and informal affair conducted by a judge without a jury. The defendant does not necessarily have the right to keep silent. Sometimes the trial do es not require all the witnesses to be present and may last in excess of a year. On the other hand, in the Common legal system a criminal proceeding starts with a police investigation which is aimed at collecting evidence that will prove the defendant guilty. Then an adversarial trial is conducted before either a judge or a jury. The attorneys conduct the trial and try to convince the judge in their favour. The trial is continuous and the evidence against the defendant must be presented by live witnesses in court. One of the basic differences in criminal procedure in Common legal system and Continental legal system is that, the judge in Continental legal system plays a more active role in determining the facts of the case (i.e. takes an active part in the proceedings) while the contrary is true for Common legal system. Also, the continental legal system relies more on written argument than on oral argument. However, in the common legal system everything in the trial is primarily oral. Civil Law and Procedure: Civil law is the body of rules that delineates the private law (e.g. contract law, property law, family law, etc.). It is opposed to criminal or public law. Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the rules and standards that courts follow while judging civil lawsuits (i.e. non-criminal matters). It administers how a lawsuit/case will be carried out (i.e. the whole process). It is a general part of the private law and can be exercised by anyone to impose, redress or protect their legal rights. In the Continental law civil procedure is found in codes, whereas in the Common legal system it is found in rules of court made under statutory powers. Historically, in the Common legal system civil procedure lawsuits included a jury and a judge. The matter of law was reserved for the decision of the judge and the matters of fact for the jury. Even though, this practice is greatly discontinued in most of the modern Common legal countries the United States still employ it. The litigatio n is commenced by means of a document drawn up by the claimant which is then validated by the court. Hereafter, pleadings are followed by disclosure (i.e. disclosing evidence to the other party). Trial is usually lead by a hearing in which problems arising in pretrial procedure might be determined and attempts to compromise are made. In Continental legal system trial by jury is unknown and the litigation is usually conducted by a multijudge court. The issues of law are often determined by a series of hearings. The prominence is more on written evidence than on oral presentation  [7]  . Difference between Criminal and Civil Procedure: In criminal lawsuits, the litigation is always filed by the state, whereas in civil lawsuits a private party files the litigation and becomes the claimant. In criminal lawsuits a guilty defendant is punished by either imprisonment, fine paid to the state or death penalty (exceptional cases). On the other hand, the losing defendant in civil lawsuits is generally supposed to reimburse for the losses caused to the claimant. In criminal lawsuits the burden of proof is always on the state (i.e. the state must prove that the defendant is guilty), since the defendant is assumed to be innocent until proven guilty. However, in the civil lawsuits the burden of proof is initially on the claimant, but in some cases it shifts to the defendant. In criminal cases the defendant is protected by a number of protections which are specified in the constitution (or legislation). But in civil cases there are no protections offered to defendants. Another difference between criminal and civil lawsuits is th at, criminal cases have to be proven beyond reasonable doubt. Civil cases only have to be proven on the balance of probabilities  [8]  . It can be seen that there are many differences in the Common legal system and the Continental legal system. These differences exist not only in their historical background but also in their approach to legal matters. I personally believe the procedures are flexible and the parties to the case enjoy more rights and obligations in Common Law system, since the Judge refers to a previously held similar cases and the legislation is not codified. As we know, there are clearly many differences between Common and Continental legal systems, however it should be noted that in the recent times both systems have started to converge in their use of the sources of law. As De Cruz (1999) mentions, in the recent times the English legal system has started to give more significance to legislation. On the other hand the Continental legal system has also started to rely on precedents, especially in German constitutional and French administrative courts. Thus, this leads us to think that there is a possi bility of the legal systems converging together. This concept is known as the Convergence theory. This might be possible in some aspects, however not completely because of the enormous difference in ideology, social and economic policies, morality and many other things.

From Taco Bell to Tanzania Essay example -- Graduate Admissions Essays

From Taco Bell to Tanzania I lived until the age of 18 in Lacey, Washington, a small town made up mostly of the strip malls and Taco Bell fast food restaurants that line Interstate 5 from Portland to Seattle. Very few of my high school classmates left this town, and instead moved back into the service industries and lower rungs of state bureaucracy where their parents had worked before them. For those of us who wanted to leave, the only routes, at the time, seemed to be the military or higher education. Since, by middle school, I had been tracked into college prep courses, I assumed that I would go to college but did not know where or what to study. In our garage, my grandfather kept back issues of National Geographic dating to the 1920's. The summer before starting high school, he paid me to dust them and it was then that I discovered something called "Anthropology" which, when studied, appeared to lead to a more interesting life in a more interesting place. For my Freshman Physical Science course's "SCIENCE CAREERS DAY," I wrote "Anthropology" down as my career goal, though I knew nothing at the time about the discipline besides the name. I likewise chose a college which I knew nothing about - Lewis and Clark in Oregon - because the brochure mentioned that there were several dozen overseas programs available through the school. Though I could have gone to India, Indonesia, Ecuador, Australia, Korea or many other countries, I decided to apply for Kenya because the year before I had read a book about nomads and the program included a unit on nomadic pastoralism and ecology. After rereading this book much later, I discovered it to be an incredibly sappy, melodramatic and condescending ... ...conflicts in other areas of social life. In the summer of 1994, I had the opportunity to travel to Tanzania on an SSRC Predissertation Grant to begin to establish affiliation, research clearance and possible fieldsites. I have also made contacts at the district level with officials and academics in the area. Though I already speak Kiswahili, the national language of Tanzania, I also have made arrangements to study Maa, the language of the Kisongo Maasai and WaArusha who live in the district in which I will be working. I am looking forward to working in Tanzania not only because of its political stability and unique history as a nation, but also because of the opportunity to generate information about children and education in pastoral communities there, a topic which is still under-researched despite the restructuring of national curriculum in recent years.

Importance of LAMP Fellowship

What are your educational and/or professional achievements? B) Why Is the LAMP Fellowship the next step for you? C) What do you hope to learn through the LAMP Fellowship? D) How is the Fellowship relevant to your future goals? My education has played an Important role In shaping me developing critical thinking skills and decision making abilities. Having served as Finance Coordinator during Annual Technical Festival of my college I was exposed to different facets of organizing an event and managing the team.I was selected as a student delegate for a inference on climate change and Kyoto Protocol and gave a presentation in a national conference on Implementation of low cost water treatment faceless for Societies. Professionally y I have learned a lot and still continue to do so. Was winner of annual poster- presentation event organized by MM. I discussed the challenges faced by our utilities, technological solutions which can be Implemented. I was also acknowledged by management for t he innovate Idea.I believe LAMP fellowship provides an ideal opportunity. My short term goal is also to work with Think-tanks/ government/consulting companies in recommending policy framing and in this regard LAMP fellowship is ideal at this stage after which I would like to either work/ go for higher education In the domain of Public Policy. Since LAMP fellowship will be the perfect opportunity to understand our government functioning and equip myself in finding solutions, I am eager to pursue it.LAMP fellowship will provide me an opportunity to have a comprehensive understanding of how a policy shapes up and hat goes beneath the framing of policy, the functioning of parliament and to understand the workings of PM. To have the opportunity to see my recommendation or questions or argument being discussed in the house is also a great motivator. It presents the best opportunity at this stage for me to fit in my career goals. The political climate has changed significantly and a lot of focus Is on good governance.It Is imperative to have clear understanding, perspectives and know-how as to how the government functions before making economic decisions. Even in future if I would eke to have a business in socially relevant sectors and it is imperative to understand the policy making process. Write a 500-word essay on any policy/legislative Issue that you have followed in the past year. Mention the objective and key features of the Issue and provide brief analysis. One of the major policies which I am keeping close eye on is Indian's Energy Policy.It is one of the most important things and successful Implementation of this policy Is extremely vital. It Is largely defined by burgeoning energy deficit, gross Inefficiencies ND the focus on developing alternate source of energy. The recent black-out 1 OFF transmission systems. However, the scope of this essay is limited to the issue of distribution companies. Indian disco's are largely state-owned and massively indebted. A whopping 1, 70,000 lack scores is the amount estimated is the debt of State owned utilities.Key features that define the policy related to disco's are: 1) Inability to revise power tariffs 2) High %age of distribution losses > 28% and in some states > 50% 3) Caters to people sentiments ) More than 95% of disco's are state-owned 5) Aging workforce 6) Inefficient grid 7) Inability to achieve state-wide energy accountability 8) Providing unaccounted power to unrealized colonies due to votes 9) Fleet inefficiencies and losses We will discuss some important points case-by-case: Inability to revise power-tariffs is the outcome of it being vital component of a middle-income families expenditure.It creates a furors among the ruling parties that they will lose votes. There is no case to suggest power tariffs can remain same when el prices from coal, steel, natural gas, crude oil are rising. However, if our gross inefficiencies in distribution are reduced we would be able to reach wider pu blic and if there is surplus generation it can be exported to have extra income. Also large number of coal plants are running at load factor of 50% where industry SST is 85%. More energy generation can be achieved through this. Transparent pricing should be promoted.Private sector should be promoted to get into distribution. Data Power in Delhi and RPG led SEC in Kola have minimum AT&C losses. These organizations ring competitive talent who has worked across the world and use best practices. Outsourcing of power distribution Just like in Bandied has also been significantly successful. More private players should be promoted. There is no economic and political sense in wasting tax payers money in inefficiency. Distribution losses should be minimized through energy accounting, smart metering, check on faulty metering, leakage in distribution and preventing power theft.Grids should be integrated with technology to power addition from mint-grids and efficient energy transmission. Consis tent adoption of RAPPER (Restructured Accelerated Power Distribution Reform Program)- Providing assistance to states for preparing the base-line data for using new technology tools in project areas having more than 4 lack people and annual input energy of the order of 350 MI-J. Providing assistance for renovation, modernization and strengthening of 11 xv level Substations, Transformers/ Transformer Centers, and re-conducting of lines at 1 1 xv level. These major issues affect the energy distribution policy in India.

Dying a noble Death Essay

â€Å"Dying a noble death† Introduction            Death is inevitable and everyone must be ready to face death. The author of, â€Å"If we must die† makes use of different literary devices to describe death and to encourage people to be brave and not to fear death. People should not just die like hogs or dogs although human beings are far outnumbered by death, they must remain brave to face death when it comes. Death does not have shame, it gets whoever it wants and at the time it best things is right. Death is a coward since it cannot come to people when they know or when they expect. Analysis of the Poem            The poem by Mr. Claude McKay, â€Å"If we must die†, written to urge the black people to fight for their freedom against the oppressions of the whites, portrays different literary devices used to bring out the message of the poem to the reader (Charters, and Samuel, 896). The various devices used in the poem include allegory, rhyme, metaphor which involves animal imagery, as observed in various likes through the use of different words such as â€Å"hogs,† in line 1 and other words such as â€Å"hunted, † â€Å"penned,† which are found in line 2 (Charters, and Samuel, 896). Furthermore, the author uses words such as â€Å"mad and hungry dogs,† and â€Å"bark† found in line 3 of the poem, â€Å"monsters,† in line 7 and the word â€Å"cowardly pack† in line 13 to show animal imagery for the reader (Charters, and Samuel, 896).            The use of hyperbole is observed when the author writes the words, â€Å"If we must die, let it not be like hogs† found in line 1 of the poem as well as, â€Å"and for their thousand blows deal one death-blow† in line 11 (Charters, and Samuel, 896). Furthermore, the author of the poem has used onomatopoeia which is observed through the word â€Å"bark† (Charters, and Samuel, 896). To make the reader more intrigued and part of the poem, the author poses a question that is rhetorical which is found in line 12 where he says â€Å"What though before us lies the open grave?†            The use of this question is intended to act as a reminder to the reader that death is inevitable and everyone will face death at one point in life and what do human beings face to lose when they die? The author of this poem uses most of these literary devices as a way of creating a sense of urgency so that the reader is always ready and aware of the happenings in life and about death (Charters, and Samuel, 896). The author has also written the poem using 14 lines in addition to the rhyme scheme which has been used of ababcdcdefefgg hence making it a Shakespeare sonnet (Charters, and Samuel, 896). The other literary device the author has used is repetition which is seen through words such as â€Å"If we must die† which has been repeated in the poem two times in line 1 and line 5. Conclusion            Every human being is bound to face death when their time comes. This does not mean that people should not be ready and do their best to fight against injustice and oppression which leads to the death of human beings. By using the different literary devices, the author of the poem encourages people to be brave against death and should not fear when they are faced with circumstances. References Charters, Ann, and Samuel B. Charters. Literature and Its Writers: A Compact Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2010. Print. pp.896, Source document

Catcher in the Rye & The Fall essays

Catcher in the Rye & The Fall essays In Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield struggles to accept the idea that a Fall is inevitable until he experiences one of his own. The Fall is the loss of innocence and the first encounter with "deceit, duplicity, and evil" in the world. It is a process necessary to "psychological growth" that must be experienced by everyone. Holden is unable to accept this idea and responds by retreating into his own oversimplified view of the world. Holden separates his environment into two groups of people: the innocent, the children, those who have not fallen, and the adults, the superficial, the "phonies," those who have experienced a fall. The turning point for this is adolescence. Holden desires to protect children and himself from going through a Fall, and is willing to do anything to achieve his goal. He fantasizes of becoming the "Catcher in the Rye," protecting innocent children from falling off an imaginary cliff. Holden wants to shield these children from the cruelties of change and the adult world. He wants his world to stay the same, just like the world in the museum, but does not realize that with the Fall comes maturity and an inevitable sense of ones life being lived. Holdens view of the Fall involves the loss of purity for corruption and evil while it is actually the gain of knowledge through experience. In order to have a Fall, one must first go through an Encounter. Holden experiences this when he passes out in the museum. After he rises, he says that he feels better. Even though the Fall involves pain, it is necessary and creates a new condition, the condition of being Fallen. Holden leaves the tomb in this state, and begins to let go of his idea of the world as a "timeless world where the sunrise is always the same. Holden has an Encounter, experiences a Fall, and gains knowledge from it. Like the Adam figure, the g...

Strategic and SWOT Analysis of British Airways The WritePass Journal

Strategic and SWOT Analysis of British Airways Introduction: Strategic and SWOT Analysis of British Airways Introduction:BA Strategy:Resource Based Theory:SWOT Analysis of British Airways:References:Related Introduction: Strategic planning is the process that an organization undertakes to ascertain its mission and way forward. Strategic planning helps an organization provide a direction to implement and achieve its objectives both in the short and the long run. It is nevertheless very significant to comprehend and distinguish that every plan that is chalked out by the organization cannot be termed as strategic. For that reason it is very important that the strategic intent of an organization is entrenched on the actions and policies that will have a deep effect on future positively in an organization. Seeking out new markets customer attraction or the expansion of business operations are some pointers which an organization look forward to strategically. (Schneider and De Meyer, 1991) Mintzberg and Waters (1985) assert that in order to realize a strategy the initial phase of strategy formulation should be error free, otherwise the strategy would not be executed in a befitting manner. Therefore the strategy development process should follow a pre-designed path to achieve the objective. This can be illustrated in the following figure. As a result the strategy can be regarded as the behavior of a business. Like every behavior, a strategy is also influenced by factors that are interior and also exterior. The internal values of any organization are the controllable factors and the culture and capabilities of an organization determine the strategic course. In this era of globalization the resources which a particular organization have is not the only aspects influencing an organization strategy, it is also strongly influenced by external factors which is a significant factor in molding an organizations services and products and its eventual acceptance by the consumers. (Bourgeois, 1985) said that the main theory in strategic management is that a match amid environmental conditions and organizational capabilities and resources is of paramount importance to an organizations performance, and that a strategists job is to find or create this match. The types of plans are long, medium and short term plans to make them work and effectively put into practice the organizational strategies Mintzberg et al (2005). These different plans are then used to line up all organizational activities for a positive way forward. (De wit et al, 2004). Another important element of strategic planning is to position the business in a way that it thrives for a longer period of time. The Strategic Planning Model is as follows: A brilliant strategic plan that is conceived in a realistic way might be ineffective for the reason that of ineffective implementation. This proper implementation relates to the internal capabilities of an organization that takes account of the resources, the workforce and other technical support to maximize the effectiveness of a strategy. In general it takes several years for an organization to make optimum use and benefit from a strategy. (Child, 1972). The reason being that economic conditions or the poor market conditions in a particular industry have a strong bearing on the success of a strategic approach. The organization chosen to study in the light of the resource based theory and its evaluation with regards to its strategic capabilities is ‘British Airways’. A brief intro of British Airways (BA), it is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations. British Airways was considered the largest UK airline by passenger numbers from its creation in 1974 until 2008, when it was displaced by low-cost rival Easy Jet. (History of British Airways, 2011). It is in the process of merging with Spanish airline Iberia. It is a member of the one world alliance together with Iberia, American Airlines and others. The strategic planning in the airline industry can range from the implementation of lean management programs to empowering employee to make the customer service better. In addition, the airline industry has witnessed the mergers and strategic alliances between airlines to strengthen their position in the market. The modern marketplace has also emphasized on the airlines being responsible to the community. This has surfaced up as a feature that can facilitate the organization to expand the competitive advantage. BA Strategy: The goal of British Airways is to present better-quality service to its customers, stakeholders and employees alike. The workforce of British Airways is a significant positive feature that strives to offer utmost advanced and pleasing service to its consumer. Their mission statement also retells their aim to achieve the status of the best airline universally. To be successful, the administration of British Airways has to show commitment to their business and believe in it more than anyone else. An essential facet of British Airways in conducting a thriving business is to correspond each and every portion of their business purpose to all the stakeholders. This stimulate them in order to get the superlative out them in view of the fact that information is authority and British Airways expand by empowering employees and other stakeholders so that they can counteract the danger of competitors. As stated in the annual report a good example is how British Airways makes sure that the departure is always on time. This is one of the foremost determinants of a good client services relationship management in the airline industry. (BA annual reports 08/09) Resource Based Theory: The Resource-based view of strategic management deals with resources and capabilities of an organization which allows the organization to make profits and a sustainable competitive advantage in the market it’s operating in. As explained by Capron et al, in the resource based theory the foremost source of competitive advantage is the firm and not the industry. (Capron et al, 1999) A firm’s competitive advantage is based on the firm’s resources in the form of assets and its inherent abilities to do better than its competitors. (Barney, 1991) The resource based theory view for British Airways competencies and resources are, with regards to resources, BS has a fleet of 200+ aircrafts over 500+ destinations worldwide (britishairways.com/travel/bafleet/public/en_gb),BA providing extra services such as Holidays and London eye name change.(http://travelwithkids.about.com/od/londonwithkids/ss/londonsightsee_7.htm). BA has the sole access to London Heathrow terminal 5 and also the image of BA counts as it a globally known brand and its long standing in the industry.(britishairways.com/travel/terminal-5-changes/public/en_gb?gsLink=searchResults) With regards to BA competencies in view of resource base theory, it has training schools for customer service and simulators and cabin members training. (bestaviation.net/school/british_airways_flying_club/ Also there comes the safety aspect as it fly and manage passengers in a safe manner in different destinations they operate in. It is recognized as a training centre by the City and Guilds, by qualifying all cabin crew with NVQ Level 2 and being the 1stUK airline to be granted such status. (http://press.ba.com/?p=334) THRESHOLDCA SWOT Analysis of British Airways: The strengths of BA are its brand image, alliances, its size and stability and its sole access to LHR terminal 5. The weakness are its reliability and trust aspect, laggards in terms of innovation and change and its employee management. The opportunities that BA has to grow more as a favored airline is its emergence in new markets, its quality system (SkyTrax) and competitors failing to deliver. The external threats with which BA is faced with are open skies agreement, its environmental awareness, global economic crises and lower cost competition by Ryan air, Easy Jet etc. (www.britishairways.com) PESTAnalysis of British Airways: Political: The BA has to comply with government heavy regulation to continue its operations. Due to war on terror the security has to beefed up with advanced measures so as to keep the consumers safe and confident in relation to their continued travel with BA as a preferred airline. Economic: The world going through severe crisis, so in order to manage fluently the BA should have cost cutting measures in place like reducing company travel to cover the loses also it is in a poor light with regards to the weak exchange rate of Pounds against Euro. The Oil prices are fluctuation which in turn affects BA operational cost and finally the crisis has reduced consumer spending to a large extent. (British Airways Corporate Responsibility Report) Social: The UK has an ageing population as stated in 21st century challenges, which gives BA the chance to tap in as older people has more time in hand to travel and for leisure. Technological: BA is investing in new technologies, its good from BA perspective as it must make sure that they remain updated to compete also they should beware of the strict new legislation with regards to environmental regulations. (British Airways, Technology, 2011) Environmental: BA takes care of environment seriously and in this regard as BA recognizes that in providing the economically and socially vital service of air transport they have an impact on planet and that is why in 1992 we became the first airline to report our environmental performance.(British Airways Environment, 2011) Legal: Good employee relations to avoid any legal wrangling and regulation of trade unions to avoid any strikes, also it has an open skies agreement. British Airways Business Performance since 2008: It says in the BA annual report 08/09 that BA is   re-inventing the way it worked and the intent is to create a leaner organization with a culture based on performance and a culture through the flagship program i.e. Compete 2012. (BA annual report, 08/09, the way we run Business) Compete 2012 is a strategic initiative taken by BA through which it intends to achieve its vision of becoming the world’s leading global airline. This plan entails a 360 degree approach as in focusing in issues pertaining to the environment, relationships with suppliers and a new note and the BA tradition of supporting consumer friendly initiatives. The sponsorship in sporting events is a huge business with its existence globally. Events like Olympics and World Cup Football are the mega events that entice the organizations to align themselves with the event. British Airways has bagged the rights to be the official sponsor of the Summer Olympics to be held in Londonin 2012 as well as the Paralympics games. The airline is also entitled to use the logo of the London Olympics.(British Airways official carrier for London Olympic Games 6 February, 2008.) British Airways has also started a campaign known as Compete Me 2012 program. This program is instituted in conjunction with the London Olympics 2012. The underlying idea of initiating this program is to tell the audience about the way employees approach their work at British Airways. The very core of this program is to instill the spirit British Airways team have in pursuing a task. (BA Annual report 08/09) In the wake of independent auditors report with respect to the statement of the group and the company, it is to be seen that British airways failed to meet their financial target for the reason that of the unprecedented downturn in trading conditions. On the other hand, the move to Terminal 5 saw a step-change in BA operational performance and we achieved record-breaking punctuality and customer recommendation scores. Operating margin is the main way we measure our financial  performance. BA in 2002 set the target of achieving a 10 per cent operating margin through the economic cycle and in 2007/08 and delivered this for the first time in its history. (BA Annual Report 08/09) Source: BA Annual Accounts Report 08/09 With respect to the operational bit of BA as mentioned before the move to Terminal 5 has delivered record-breaking levels of operational performance. Terminal 5 Ready to Go performance for 2008/09 averaged 46 per cent with a record high in March 2009 of 64 per cent. The   ‘Ready to Go’ deals with how many of British Airways flights are all set for leaving at three minutes before the scheduled or planned departure time and spotlight on the feature of the departure procedure. As good performance at Heathrow drives good performance across the network, BA delivered its highest ever network-wide Ready to Go performance of 53 per cent. This translated into record levels of flights departing on time and within 15 minutes, as well as record levels of customer satisfaction with punctuality, as recorded by our GPM survey. (BA Annual Report 08/09) 2008/09 Source: BA Annual Accounts Report 08/09 With respect to Porter 5 forces after studying the annual report, BA competitive rivalry, is High, as in Long haul flights the distinction is minimal with regards to pricing and services and in short haul there are many players, BA power of suppliers, it is restricted by operational costs and a sole dependence on supplier for fuel, also as seen in the recent strikes the employees use trade unions to increase their bargaining power, which gives it a standing of High in this area. Power of Buyers, BA have little bargaining power and increased internet use by consumers have made them aware of the deals and situations, it is rated Medium.(BA Annual Report 08/09) The Threat of new entrants, the strength of BA is Low in this segment as, airline industry is a hard environment to break in as a new entity due to the costs associated with it. Also there are sufficient and strict barriers for exit which in reality kills the chance of any new entrant. The Threat to substitute is also Low, in view of the fact that it has very limited substitutes for long haul flights however for short haul flights there is a substitute available i.e. Ferry or Eurostar.(BA Annual Report 08/09) BA potential future strategy for the organization to grow its position in international and global markets: The study of BA various functions and practices as an organization from the strategic perspective it can be stated that British Airways prioritize its major functions, or in another words the resources that would help them to increase revenues are given due consideration, like the 2012 Olympics in London. Prioritization involves focusing on the particulars that really matters. For that reason it is crucial to prioritize things so that the company may not lose focus on issues that need urgent attention. For a business to be flourishing it is important that it must be able to decide what resource should be devoted and what not (Bailey and Johnson, 1995). The decision on what is important is key to prioritization. The planned stride of British Airways demonstrates a thriving position for the airline. British Airways has shown that their planning for the future is tactical and the marketing and management disciplines are intact accordingly. The alliance that British Airways has made is a strategic approach and the need of the moment. This will not only assist British Airways to curtail cost, it is also an excellent step to get hold of more customers. The planned objective in addition gives them the alternative to make the most of their assets in venture that would provide more benefits. London Olympics 2012 would give British Airways a chance to showcase their product to a larger audience. This strategy is an excellent platform that can reignite a new image of British Airways among the people. Furthermore as the business would increase during the Olympic Games, there is every likelihood for British Airways to increase the market share. However this should not be a strategy that might be pursued in the short run. The task might be intricate, but British Airways must try to convert the first time customers in to loyal customers.     However for the aforementioned goal to achieve, British Airways will have to demonstrate dedication, preparation and implementation. Owing to the worldwide economic crisis unpredictable challenges tackle the airline industry. British Airways will also feel the pressures of the market forces. The alterations are the typical in airline industry that is very vulnerable to financial, regulatory, safety, environmental and extra exterior strains that are ahead of the entire control of management. The flourishing airlines will axis on well-situated basics when defining their upcoming groundwork. The catch is to be acquainted with what consumers require and how the airline can act in response to the recessionary situation. British Airways strategic initiative is a vital element in the idea of budding a business uniqueness of British Airways. This approach development all the plans that are executed from the viewpoint of all the stakeholders of the British Airways. They must make sure that all the employees channelize their effort for the identical objective, i.e. the productivity of the airline. On the other hand, this success is not only calculated in financial expressions. British Airways has revealed to the humanity that they are in addition paying attention to be extra answerable and contribute to the public in special ways. After considering each and every strategic plan started by British Airways, they have opted for motivating and significant actions. The present situation of British Airways gives a general idea of sound decision that adds to the airline’s approach formulation. The airline’s approach in addition facilitates to enlarge an outlook picture of the kind of strategic options that are or can be functional in prospect. References: Bourgeois, L. (1985), Strategic goals, perceived uncertainty, and economic performance in volatile environments.AcademyofManagementJournal, 28, 548-573. Barney, J.B. (1991), Firms resources and sustained competitive advantage, Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 97-122. British Airways (BA) 2008/09 Annual Report and Accounts. britishairways.com/cms/global/microsites/ba_reports0809/pdfs/KPIs.pdf www.britishairways.com britishairways.com/cms/global/microsites/ba_reports0910/pdfs/Strategy.pdf British Airways (2011), http://press.ba.com/?p=334 Best Aviation, (2011) bestaviation.net/school/british_airways_flying_club/ British Airways (BA) britishairways.com/travel/bafleet/public/en_gb) British Airways Corporate Responsibility Report (2009/10),britishairways.com/cms/global/pdfs/environment/ba_corporate_responsibility_report_2009-2010.pdf)) British Airways,Technology (2011)britishairways.com/travel/csr-air-new-technology/public/en_gb British Airways Environment,(2011)britishairways.com/travel/csr-environment/public/en_gb BA annual report, 08/09, The way we run Business. britishairways.com/cms/global/microsites/ba_reports0809/pdfs/Workplace.pdf British Airways official carrier for London Olympic Games 6 February, 2008. dancewithshadows.com/flights/british-airways-olympics.asp BA Annual report 08/09 britishairways.com/cms/global/microsites/ba_reports0809/our_business/strategy7.html Bailey, A. and Johnson, G. (1995). ‘Strategy development processes: a configurational approach’.AcademyofManagementJournal, Best Paper Proceedings: 2–6. Capron, L. and Hulland, J. (1999), Redeployment of brands, sales forces, and general marketing management expertise following horizontal acquisition: a resource-based view, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 63, April, pp. 41-54. Child, J. (1972), Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance: The Role of Strategic Choice, Sociology, 63 (1), 2-22. De Wit, B. Meyer, R. (2004), Strategy: Process, Content, Context. 3rd Edn.London: Thomson Learning. De Meyer, A. and Schneider, S. (1991), Interpreting and Responding to Strategic Issues: The Impact of National Culture, Strategic Management Journal, 12 (4), 307-20. History of British Airways, Wikipedia (2011), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_British_Airways#2010 Head, K (2007), Elements of multinational strategy illustrated. Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B. Lampel, J. (2005), Strategy Safari: a guided tour through the wilds of Strategic Management. NewYork: Free Press. Mintzberg, H. and Waters, J. (1985), Of strategies, deliberate and emergent’. Strategic Management Journal, July–September: 257–72. Travelwithkids (2011) http://travelwithkids.about.com/od/londonwithkids/ss/londonsightsee_7.htm 21st Century Challenges, RGS-IBG Royal Geographical Society withInstituteofBritish Geographers(2011), 21stcenturychallenges.org/focus/britains-greying-population/ thinkingmanagers.com/companies/british-airways.php scribd.com/doc/23329171/British-Airways-Strategic-Plan marketingweek.co.uk/brands/ba/

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Why Was the Nile River Important for the Rise of Successful States in Essay

Why Was the Nile River Important for the Rise of Successful States in North Africa - Essay Example Most of the history of Nile River has a connection to Egyptian civilization. Were it, not for river Nile, there would not be the rise of successful states in North Africa and particularly Egypt. The river originates1 from the Blue Nile and White Nile tributaries originating from Ethiopian highlands and Lake Victoria respectively. The river flows in the northern direction for about 2000 kilometers through the Sahara. Nile River is 10 kilometers wide and supports thousands of people in strips of arable land. The river Nile valley can be regarded as a narrow and long oasis where human beings live, thanks to the river. It is the longest river so far in the world. There are several ways through which Nile River was crucial for the rise of successful states in North Africa. This paper will discuss the importance of river Nile in the rise of successful states in Northern Africa. First, due to River Nile, the people living on both banks of the river can be able to produce abundant harvests. There was a myth of the miracle in river Nile. The annual flooding of the river was much beneficial to farmers along the river. Annual flooding was advantageous to the farmers around the river as there was silt deposit after the flooding. When the river flooded, it left nutrients to the farms which were essential for growing healthy crops. The river was rising in the summer from the rains in Ethiopian highlands and central Africa between September and October. The flooding was recurrent, and farmers could predict the seasons of agriculture (Erik & Reynolds,  2012). The deposits of silt left by the river enriched the soil. This land was referred to as the fertile land. The flooding of the river could not be seen as life threatening but life enhancing. Unlike the flooding of Mesopotamia Rivers, Nile’s flooding could be predicted and used to be gradual. Although an organized irrigation system was still necessary, the villages along the Nile River made an effort without state i nterventions. Abundant supply of the food was one of the factors that led to civilization. The civilization in Egypt was rural with a majority of small population centers located along the narrow band of river Nile. The river splits 2into two branches before emptying into Mediterranean Sea. River Nile forms a delta which is a triangular shaped territory, commonly referred to as the Lower Egypt. The river created a large area; several miles wide at the banks. The created area was capable of producing plenty of harvests. The most famous cities in Egypt developed at the delta of river Nile. Up to date, a large population of people in Egypt is crowded at the banks of river Nile. The surplus food, grown along river Nile, led to prosperity of cities. Trade was established between cities, and leading trade items included agricultural products, fish, goats, sheep and cattle (Keim, 2009). The flooding enabled the Egyptians to grow wheat, beans, barley, lentils, leeks, peas, and onions. They were also able to grow fruits such as figs, dates, grapes and melons. This is an indication that the Egyptians were able to enjoy bread, wine and beer in abundance. The presence of fish in river Nile improved the food security along the river. The other reason as to why Nile River was vital for the rise of successful states in North Africa is that it served as a unifying factor. It was used as a means of transport along the cities near the river. In the ancient times, using river Nile was one of the fastest ways of travelling through the land. The river helped to make transport and communication along the states developed in North Africa. The winds originating from the north helped to push the sail boats south. Most travelers headed downstream. When people were travelling downstream, they used paddles or long poles

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Classic Airlines marketing Solution - Essay Example As per the case study, the firm is losing its profitability and faring really poorly against its competitors. Customer retention rate is poor and the service is very inadequate. Root Cause Analysis Model The Root Cause Analysis (RCA) model is used in internal audits and other problem detection fields. It is â€Å"a research-based approach to identify the bottom-line reason of a problem with root cause representing the problem† (Mainardi, 2011: p180). It involves a structured investigation into a given problem to ascertain the true and real cause of a given problem (Anderson et al, 2009). This is done to ensure the continuous improvement in the quality and systems of a given organization. Root Cause Analysis is a practical transition from the apparent cause analysis to the examination and critique of the root cause of a given problem. This involves the identification of the actual causes in order to find the intermediate causes and from there, detect the root causes (Lorenzo an d Hanson, 2008). Issues in Classic Airline's Marketing Unit From the case study, some apparent causes and issues are identifiable in Classic Airline's marketing unit. In order to identify it and critique it better, it will be worthwhile to identify the apparent issues, the intermediate issues in order to identify the root cause. A. ... The deregulation of the markets and the integration of small carriers and other overseas investors has led to price wars and other competitive restructuring. Classic Airline's extremely low margins give a strong indication that the airline is really losing out in the competition presented by the other airline companies in the industry. Market Share Issues The failure to compete on the markets have led to a sharp fall in the market share that Classic Airline controls. There customer retention of the company has been weakened by the competition posed by other companies. This is because their current reward program has lost as much as 19% of its members, which has culminated in the reducing the flights of the company by as much as 21%. B. Intermediate Issues Areas of Interest: Marketing Alliances & Restructuring of Marketing It has become almost apparent that the firm needs to restructure its marketing units, the marketing structures and the marketing alliance programs. This is meant to correct the wrongs in the company and also retain some degree of stability. This has created two issues which also needs to be examined and resolved from the root-cause approach. Cost Structure Issues The quick and aggressive growth of the firm has been identified as a major cause of issues with the company. The reduction of the cost budget by a whopping 21.5% and the reduction of budgets in other departments is one of the apparent issues. It will therefore be worthwhile to identify the impact of this reduction and the best way of soothing its effects and correcting its issues. This include amongst other things, infighting amongst the executive managers, and the reduction in important units

India taj mahal mumbai terror Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

India taj mahal mumbai terror - Essay Example The terrorists were reportedly seized an Indian boat from a fisherman after killing him to reach Mumbai. Moreover, they started their hotel operations after killing the Mumbai police chiefs who tried to block them. Even though many reasons were cited as the reasons for this attack, the major reason is believed to the destruction of the Muslim Mosque Babri Masjid by certain Hindu fundamentalists few years before. Moreover, Pakistani terrorist groups believe that the Indian frontier state Kashmir is part of Pakistan and India possesses it illegally. India and Pakistan engaged in two wars after the independence and the enmity between these two countries is a major threat for peace in South Asia. This paper briefly explains the Mumbai terrorist attack with the help of its cause and effect, culprits, possible prevention strategies etc BBC News (23 Nov 2009) has reported that the religious site where the Babri mosque was destroyed in 1992 in the northern Indian town of Ayodhya has been a flashpoint between Hindus and Muslims for years. India’s relationships with Pakistan have damaged a lot because of the destruction of Muslim Mosque Babri Masjid by certain Hindu fundamentalists. Hindu fundamentalists in India believe that the Babri Masjid was situated at their God Ram’s birth place, Ayodhya and former Mughal King Baber has captured that place and constructed the mosque without the permission from the Hindus. So they believe that Ram’s birth place is a sacred place and a temple should be constructed in that place for worshipping their God Ram. The result was the destruction of the existing mosque in 1992. The effect of the Babri Masjid was not visible immediately. Even thought the Muslim people all over the world were agitated by this act, most of them suppressed their displeasure at that time. India’s image as a secular democratic state in the eyes of the external world has severely damaged because of the above incident. Muslim

Characteristics of Servant Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Characteristics of Servant Leadership - Essay Example There are distinctly identified characteristics of servant leaders which influence the behavior of individuals, groups and organizations as they make a profound impact to the society in general. This essay would identify two servant leadership characteristics and proffer how these characteristics are used along with collaboration to influence various individuals and groups. In addition, the areas that leaders could focus on, personally, and through their organizations, would be identified to make an impact and improve society. Larry C. Spears, Chief Executive Officer of The Greenleaf Center for Servant-Leadership, has identified ten (10) characteristics of effective, caring leaders. Spears (2006, 2) averred that â€Å"servant-leadership seeks to involve others in decision making, is strongly based in ethical and caring behavior, and it enhances the personal growth of workers while improving the caring and quality of organizational life.† Thereby, he identified the ten characteristics of servant leaders as skills in (1) listening, (2) empathy, (3) healing, (4) awareness, (5) persuasion, (6) conceptualization, (7) foresight, (8) stewardship, (9) commitment to the growth of people, and (10) building community. These characteristics were confirmed in another discourse written by De Graaf, Tilley & Neal (2001, 1) A servant leader characteristic that is critical and relevant in influencing individual members, groups, organizations as they move to impact society in general, is efficient and effective listening skills. A servant leader has genuine interest to determine the needs, feelings, will, and messages of his followers through intent listening. Through listening, the servant leader determines and absorbs the innermost thoughts of his constituents. Since his objective is to solicit active involvement and participation of his followers in decision making processes, listening enables the servant leader to collect inputs from his followers

Chinas economic rise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Chinas economic rise - Essay Example The rise of the economy of a country means a stable increase in the economic growth of the country for a considerable period of time. By economic growth, we mean the increase in the gross domestic product of the country that in turn means increase in the production of overall sectors of the economy with some sectors contributing more to the growth than the others. Economic growth of a country can even occur with the increase in the key inputs of production mainly labor and capital, which helps in boosting up the productivity that result in the increase in the total production of the country. Increase in the income level of country can also boost up sector wise economic growth. A continuous increase in the real per capita income or output of a country can also be termed as economic growth as it increases the standard of living of the individuals of the country. When a country experiences significant economic growth, the international credit rating of that particular nation increases a nd it is generally said that there occurs an economic rise in the country. Thus in ultimate words it can be concluded that rise in the economy of a country imply a positive breakthrough in the flow of the economy. (Economic growth, 2008: Rise, 2011: Adelman, 1961, p1) The economy of China is experiencing an accelerating growth over the decade and soon from a mere underdeveloped country, it will reach the economic growth rate similar to the developed economies of the world if not more. The economy of the country since its liberalization and open up of the market economy is experiencing a growth rate of 10% per year approximately which increases with the advent of the twenty first century and expected to double itself in the next few years. According to Albert Keidel (2007) by the year 2040, the rapid economic growth of the country will soon overcome that of the United States in terms of the overall gross domestic product of the country. The rise of the economy of the country to a maj or economic power within a period of about twenty-eight years from a stagnant and poor economy can be termed as one of the greatest economic success of the modern time. The economic rise of the country has made it the second largest economy of the world and it could reach the highest position within a decade. According to many economists, the economic growths of the country have been mainly due to the significant increase in the productivity of the country that again resulted from the market reforms undertaken by the government of the country. The market reform of the eighties emphasizes on reduction in the role of the state control or the public sector of the economy and the increase in the ownership and the control by the private enterprises of the economy. Moreover, the country’s policy of opening up the market to international trade also significantly contributed to the gain or increase in the productivity of the country that further resulted in the growth of the economy. Thus, liberalization and privatization are the main cause behind the economic rise of the country in the recent decade. (Elwell, Labonte, Morrison, 2007: Keidel 2007) Three historical rise of the country The economy of the country had also experience modest growth before the year 1937 and according to some economist the country before the modern period thrice in the future have the experience of being the most powerful and prosperous country among the neighboring regions. The country gains prosperity during the first bureaucratic rule of Qin-Han unification. The country had the experience of the second period of prosperity at the time of reunification of Sui-tang. Before the modern period the third and the perhaps the most powerful rise of the country was at the period of reconstruction and the reinforcement of the Confucian tradition as the new orthodoxy in the country. It was the time of the Ming and the Qing dynasties. The rise of the country in these historical periods differs significantly from the rise of the cou

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Chinas economic rise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Chinas economic rise - Essay Example The rise of the economy of a country means a stable increase in the economic growth of the country for a considerable period of time. By economic growth, we mean the increase in the gross domestic product of the country that in turn means increase in the production of overall sectors of the economy with some sectors contributing more to the growth than the others. Economic growth of a country can even occur with the increase in the key inputs of production mainly labor and capital, which helps in boosting up the productivity that result in the increase in the total production of the country. Increase in the income level of country can also boost up sector wise economic growth. A continuous increase in the real per capita income or output of a country can also be termed as economic growth as it increases the standard of living of the individuals of the country. When a country experiences significant economic growth, the international credit rating of that particular nation increases a nd it is generally said that there occurs an economic rise in the country. Thus in ultimate words it can be concluded that rise in the economy of a country imply a positive breakthrough in the flow of the economy. (Economic growth, 2008: Rise, 2011: Adelman, 1961, p1) The economy of China is experiencing an accelerating growth over the decade and soon from a mere underdeveloped country, it will reach the economic growth rate similar to the developed economies of the world if not more. The economy of the country since its liberalization and open up of the market economy is experiencing a growth rate of 10% per year approximately which increases with the advent of the twenty first century and expected to double itself in the next few years. According to Albert Keidel (2007) by the year 2040, the rapid economic growth of the country will soon overcome that of the United States in terms of the overall gross domestic product of the country. The rise of the economy of the country to a maj or economic power within a period of about twenty-eight years from a stagnant and poor economy can be termed as one of the greatest economic success of the modern time. The economic rise of the country has made it the second largest economy of the world and it could reach the highest position within a decade. According to many economists, the economic growths of the country have been mainly due to the significant increase in the productivity of the country that again resulted from the market reforms undertaken by the government of the country. The market reform of the eighties emphasizes on reduction in the role of the state control or the public sector of the economy and the increase in the ownership and the control by the private enterprises of the economy. Moreover, the country’s policy of opening up the market to international trade also significantly contributed to the gain or increase in the productivity of the country that further resulted in the growth of the economy. Thus, liberalization and privatization are the main cause behind the economic rise of the country in the recent decade. (Elwell, Labonte, Morrison, 2007: Keidel 2007) Three historical rise of the country The economy of the country had also experience modest growth before the year 1937 and according to some economist the country before the modern period thrice in the future have the experience of being the most powerful and prosperous country among the neighboring regions. The country gains prosperity during the first bureaucratic rule of Qin-Han unification. The country had the experience of the second period of prosperity at the time of reunification of Sui-tang. Before the modern period the third and the perhaps the most powerful rise of the country was at the period of reconstruction and the reinforcement of the Confucian tradition as the new orthodoxy in the country. It was the time of the Ming and the Qing dynasties. The rise of the country in these historical periods differs significantly from the rise of the cou

Ethics and Islam Essay Example for Free

Ethics and Islam Essay The interpretation of secular vs. religious ethics is always interesting, when we try to understand which of the two deserve our support. Obviously, both ethical philosophies have the right to exist among us, but the provisions of the religious ethics in Said Nursi’s vision are not only unique, but are sometimes surprising, and are sometimes unacceptable to those, who keep to secular ethical traditions. Said Nursi insists on ethics having religious foundations. His ethical vision is based on the assumption that religion is the source of reliable ethical knowledge. â€Å"For Nursi, the ultimate source of all ethical reflection is the Qur’an† (Markham 69). In this situation it is possible to suggest that Qur’an should be simple and understandable to the common people, so that they should be able to follow its provisions. The assumption is rather debatable: on the one hand, there seems to be nothing negative or threatening in the fact that Said Nursi keeps to religious foundations of ethics. On the other hand, I may suggest that those who refuse to accept the life of the prophet Muhammad as the source of ethical knowledge, risk facing opposition from religious ethics’ supporters. This ethics loses its relevance as soon as it is faced with the fact that there are possible other sources of ethics in other cultures of the world. Moreover, and I would agree with Markham, in that there is no guarantee that being obedient to Qur’an means seeing its wisdom; in case we do not understand the provisions to which we should keep in our ethics, it loses its relevance and meaning. The strong side of religious ethics in Said Nursi’s words is in accepting violence as weakness in trying to resolve various disputes. â€Å"Nursi is committed to handling disagreement with peaceful means not because he shared a western skepticism about the truth of religion, but because of the truth of religion† (Markham 72). Secular ethics would easily reject these religious attitudes. While Nursi tries to justify the strength of religion, he obviously forgets that this strength is relevant only within the limited religious circles. Secularism exists and cannot be denied. For those who consider themselves being secular the strength of religion is closely connected with the power of metaphysical phenomenon. In the absence of the latter, the power of the former becomes debatable. Thus, religious foundations of ethics can be applied within the limited space of extremely religious eastern countries, which keep to Islamic religion. Especially interesting is Nursi’s ideas about personal ethics and social equality. His interpretation of a person in illness is rather curious, though is also natural within the eastern religious framework. â€Å"O ill person who lacks patience! Be patient, indeed, offer thanks! Your illness may transform each of the minutes of your life into the equivalent of an hour’s worship† (Makrham 74). The question is whether patience is equal to inactivity. Recognizing the religious value of pain and suffering is what Nursi tried to convey in his ethical teaching (Markham 75) but this also risks confusing ethics with religion, without creating any distinct border between them. Social ethics in Nursi’s vision tends to support equality through rejecting interest and recognizing the importance of redistribution. In these terms, Nursi seems to reject the pluralism of social status in the society. Moreover, rejection of interest is closer to rejecting secularism, than to supporting religious foundations of ethics. Conclusion The whole ethical theory created by Nursi deserves attention but seems to be founded on the grounds, which do not justify the strength of religion but better protect it from the intervention of the external knowledge. In this light religious ethics seems even more vulnerable, than Nursi tried to represent it. Works cited Markham, I. â€Å"Secular or Religious Foundations for Ethics: A Case Study of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi†. In I. Markham I. Ozdemir, Globalization, Ethics and Islam, Ashgate Publishing, 2005, pp. 65-78.

Role of a Customer Champion

Role of a Customer Champion Key role of marketing is to act as customer champion to the organization. There are two highlight points in this argument, one is if organizations have to act as customer champions among all the other orientations that they can choose, and the other one is if it is the role of marketers in each organization to be the customer champion between other alternative positions. Marketers roles in an organization Marketers role by the time: Pull/push method: Since 1950, marketing has been on a push/pull model that the manufacturer designs a product to fulfill a need and then persuades the customer to buy that product by advertisements, promotions and different kinds of distribution tactics. Customer-centricity: the next level of marketers role in organizations with more involvement of customers. Customer advocacy: a new era in marketing in which marketer is the customers advocate.(Urban, 2005) The marketers role has significantly changed during the past years, for example the development of social media, made the marketers role more strategic and complicated. Considering the history of business, it shows that marketing has played a role in even the simplest early businesses.(burrow, 2009) In marketing, there are metrics that relate to customer satisfaction: advocacy, loyalty, margin, market share and the rest. Marketers main jobs are creating a marketing plan that ensures the metrics are on the right track, and engaging and supporting everyone across the business to ensure delivery. In other words, their role is to create the future and deliver it today. We all know that marketing is about more than creating the advertisements. (Gooding, 2006) New products and services require marketing, in order to find and build relationships with different types of customers, to speak to them in an innovative way and sometimes reach them through different channels. Marketers have to connect with mass-market consumers and help them to imagine how this new product would enhance their life. It is not a small task. (Kelley, 2010) They should also be involved in product development, and since they are the closest to customers opinion, it is their responsibility to share new ideas to match the companys offer to the customers needs and wants. ( Asis, 2003)Most fundamentally, marketers must bring the outside-in perspective to balance, and often lead the inside-out aspects of business.(Fisk, 2006) Different approaches Product-orientation: the companys knowledge about its customers is often vague and general. The customers segmentation is not very precise, and since the company cannot predict the customers behavior accurately, the strategic objectives of the firm are also unclear.(Matheson, 2006) Customer-centricity: is the orientation of a company to the needs and behaviors of its customers, rather than the internal drivers, like quest for short-term profit. (Landy, 2010)From this basic strategic difference other different organizational features flow. These are the two extremes, but different strategies in every organization will result in different degrees of customer-centricity. Nokia is a good example of a hybrid structure of products and customers. It moved from a product-centric company to one that is still product-centric, but also has added a customer-centric component.(Galbraith, 2002) Knowing which type of marketing organization exists within a company is crucial. Every organization has to ensure that their type of marketing organization actually fits what the company is trying to do. (Mitchel, 2006) Market and customers changes Customers today are more different and individual, more intelligent and difficult than ever, while 100 years ago, a new car buyer would be more than happy to buy a Ford Model T, a model that hardly changed in decades, in any color as long as its black. (Fisk, 2006) Thanks to new media, Facebook, Twitter, Google, YouTube, eBay, Amazon and etc. customers now have an unlimited access to information about a company, its products, customer reviews, seller rating and almost whatever they want to know in no time. There are no time and place barriers any more. No matter where the customers are, they can buy from everywhere. Therefore the old methods of marketing are much less effective now customers can easily find competing products and compare them in order to find the best product at the lowest price. With the simple and visible star ratings, even they do not have to bother themselves reading through lots of comments.(Urban, 2005)So in such a market it is almost impossible to survive without transparency. Although among all these approaches in the 21st century customer-centricity is the most popular and successful one but there is an exceeding tactic with almost the same basic principals called customer champion. Definition of customer champion: Advocate for your customers and they will advocate for you. It is a two-way relationship between the company and its customers for a common benefit of both. (Urban, 2005)In very simple words they become a trusted resource and partner. They build trust and respect. Customer champions believe that when you focus on the relationship rather than the business, business will come. (OBrien, 2010). The whole concept is to motivate some changes in the organizations approach toward customer-centric strategy in order to meet new changes, in which customers are in power, they have various needs, their own independent means to research the market and more bargaining power. Also they are now more individualistic.(Fisk, 2006) This approach is mostly based on representing the customers interest by providing them complete and unbiased information, always be there for them and give them some advice on which product is the best, even with comparing with competitors. This kind of partnership leads to a long-term loyalty.( Urban, 2005) Besides having the skills in customer-centricity, using revolutionary tools to gain value from customer conversations is one of the must dos in order to be a customer champion. It can be achievable by seeing things through the eyes of the customers and serve them as a dedicated consultant. It sounds more like a slogan rather than a strategy, to bring the voice of the customer to the centre of the business, but by utilizing certain skills it will be possible.(Newby, 2010) By being transparent they have to tell the truth to the customer. Therefore considering the quality of the products or services becomes very important. They should be good -not necessarily the best- in quality to eventually win the customers and maintain them for a reasonably long time.(Urban, 2005) Why customer champion The markets change, the economy changes, customers change. If we are not in alignment with the voice of the customer, and if we are not nimble or humble enough to make the changes, we are not there.(Mainz, 2010) Successful examples in the market like Tesco, PG, IBM and lots of other businesses illustrate the effect of changing the organizations approach with the flow of the super quick changing market. Tesco is the market-leader supermarket in the UK, with a significant presence in Eastern Europe and South-east Asia. They think of marketing as looking after their customers. Actually their core purpose is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. They do this by responding to the different and constantly changing needs of all of their customers to deliver what they want, when they want. (Dibb and Simkin, 2006)And this is their secret for such a big success. In IBM even the bonuses are based on customer satisfaction. In addition to the fact that others experiences are promising, there is another reason for organizations that encourage them to go for being a customer champion and it is the image. Some companies believe that it can build brand image and customer loyalty and at the end it results in delight the customers and increase revenue. It can be a differentiation value for the organization in market.(Gunn, 2010) Marketers as customer champions Customer champions may have different jobs and responsibilities, but they share a common passion for the customer. Customer satisfaction and positive feedbacks are satisfying result for them.(Collins, 2009) The customer champion may live on the edge of the organization. By having a constant contact with the customers, they can understand their needs, become familiar with their actions and behaviors. (Kelley, 2010) The marketing people should take the lead in this way, because they are best placed to act as both the voice of the customer and an effective part of business plan. (Gooding, 2006) And also regarding to the nature of the marketing -mostly interaction and communication with customers- it makes more sense to think about marketers as the customer champions. Possible solutions As it is mentioned before the push/pull method has been the core of marketing for the past 50 years. Actually it was a solution to economics of mass production. But now with more powerful and wiser customers, the time pressure of the modern life and new technologies, this method does not work anymore. It may result in a short term winning in the sales but undoubtedly will end in losing the customers. They also can choose to continue with customer-centricity approach, which was urged by the saturation of push/pull marketing and also intense competitive market especially around quality and price. This is the approach of many leading companies in recent years. By emphasizing on customer satisfaction criteria, creating consistency in customer interactions, trying to satisfy the customer with higher quality products and with more customized services. They try to use one-to-one marketing and understand each customer and then deliver a consistent service to that customer. It seems an effective way and customers may like this one-to-one connection, but the problem is the huge amount of data, which companies are getting from CRM programs. (Urban, 2005)They keep receiving feedbacks from customers but most of the times they do not take these feedbacks into account for the upcoming steps. These feedbacks are data, and data is not information, information is not knowledge, and knowledge is no t insight. Insight is more profound.(Fisk, 2006) In fact considering the results, for most of the companies, CRM is just an improved way of pull/push marketing. As mentioned above The third way that they can follow is customer advocacy approach, being a loyal representative of customers interests and provide them with open, honest and thorough information. They have to simply reflect the reality, because customers now have the ability to find out the truth. (Urban, 2005) Conclusion Accepting this concept as a leading approach in the organization and the translation of customer champion from words to action is a tricky job; it requires lots of care, knowledge and skills. It also needs a crystal clear visioning. As technology advances and consumers become more knowledgeable, selling a product will increasingly demand a well-defined target segment and thorough understanding of customer needs, interests and frustrations. And it just can be achieved by the relationship, which is defined as customer champions.(Fisk, 2006) The point is that marketers as a customer champion would result in satisfied customers but not necessarily every happy customer is a result of a customer advocate marketer. Customer advocacy is the right way to do marketing; it is honest, open, and ethical. It can be a difficult decision to make as well, since it may result in short-term losses. But by committing to customers this approach is an easy and long-term decision; in long-term perspective businesses in the front line are the winners. Customers trust them and it will be very difficult for the competitors to change the customers mind and persuade them to switch to a new manufacturer. (Urban, 2005) By taking this approach, based on the information that companies can get from the customers, products and services will improve. As a result sales will increase and the company can produce more efficiently and costs can decline. But the problem is how to use this knowledge.(Burrow, 2008) I think in todays extremely competitive market, organizations cannot just compete on price and product. They have to deliver a great customer experience and build an extra ordinary trust among customers. The penalty for not doing so is greater than ever since consumers will complain on YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter.(Caballero, 2009) It is the matter of how to implement it. By doing it correctly, the organizations can gain huge opportunities that competitors can never touch.

Silicon Valley Bancshares :: essays research papers

Silicon Valley Bancshares (SIVB) NASDAQ   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Silicon Valley Bancshares is helping to fund the high-tech revolution. The Santa Clara, California firmly established parent of Silicon Valley Bank, which essentially serves companies in the high-tech and entertainment industries. This bank provides lines of credit, cash management, factoring, and foreign exchange services through 17 offices throughout California and other high growth areas. The bank specializes in offering startup scratch (in the form of short-term loans, and lines of credit) to nascent Net nabobs waiting for their venture capital to come through. In exchange, startup clients are counted upon to deposit venture funds in Silicon Valley Bank accounts. As a part of its lending, the bank also pursues warrants to buy equity stakes in its clients. Silicon Valley Bancshares' key competitors are Bank One, Bank of America, Bank of West Comerica, FleetBoston, Imperial Bancorp, Mitsubishi Trust and Banking U.S., Bancorp, and Wells Fargo. These are some of S ilicon Valley Bancshares targeted industries; communications, online services, computers, emerging technologies, life sciences, semiconductors, software, venture capital, entertainment, premium wineries, and real estate. The Silicon Valley Bank brought into existence by Roger Smith in 1983, which provided bank services to tech startups in San Jose. The bank grew along with tech companies, and was a main lender to Cisco Systems. Silicon Valley was introduced to Boston's technology companies in 1990, and was also being used Oregon and Washington. The bank has also expanded to residential and commercial real estate lending. The recession of 1989-1991 found Silicon Valley Bancshares with an overextended loan portfolio, and in 1992 the bank booked a loss due to non-performing loans. In 1993, Silicon Valley Bancshares was put under Federal Supervision.

Personal Narrative: Goodbye My Best Friend Essay -- essays research pa

Goodbye It is amazing how many things we take for granted. We make plans for the day, and don't think twice about how those plans can be taken away in the blink of an eye. I never thought much about it myself, until I was faced with the shock, and undeniable truth of my cousin's death. I don't think anyone really thinks about tragedy until they are actually faced with shocking news. It was a bright and warm summer morning when I woke from a good night sleep. Nothing prepared me for the dark, gloomy and sad day ahead of me. You see, this was the day that my cousin and childhood best friend passed away in an auto accident. Bright, intelligent, loving and caring 16 year old, these are words to describe her but let me to you how I seen her. From as early as I can remember her and I we... Personal Narrative: Goodbye My Best Friend Essay -- essays research pa Goodbye It is amazing how many things we take for granted. We make plans for the day, and don't think twice about how those plans can be taken away in the blink of an eye. I never thought much about it myself, until I was faced with the shock, and undeniable truth of my cousin's death. I don't think anyone really thinks about tragedy until they are actually faced with shocking news. It was a bright and warm summer morning when I woke from a good night sleep. Nothing prepared me for the dark, gloomy and sad day ahead of me. You see, this was the day that my cousin and childhood best friend passed away in an auto accident. Bright, intelligent, loving and caring 16 year old, these are words to describe her but let me to you how I seen her. From as early as I can remember her and I we...

Death by Landscape †Analysis Essay

Death by Landscape is a short story, written by Margaret Atwood in 1990. The Author is a Canadian novelist, poet and essayist as well as an environmental activist and feminist with many national and international awards for her writings and activities. She was born in Ottawa, Canada and started to write when she was six years old. At the age of 16 she already knew that she wants to become a professional writer. She grew up in the outback of northern Quebec, maybe that’s the reason for her love to nature and northern environments and this is what builds the frame of most of her works. The story was first published in 1991 and is a part of her short story collections. Death by Landscape describes the uneasy living with implanted guilt because of being accused of something what never happened or of just being at the wrong place to the wrong time. Margaret Atwood writes about an elderly woman, Lois, who lives in an apartment in Toronto (page1. block1). Lois brought her collection of paintings with her when she moved in this apartment from her former family house. These paintings are all landscapes of the Canadian outback and countryside with forests, trees, lakes and islands. Her husband Rob already died and her boys already grew up. She is living alone, alone with her memories, especially the memory to one particular happening in her youth when she grew up and went camping in a summer camp in Canada’s northern forests. She went to this camp â€Å"Manitou† since she was nine years old and since she was ten she had a special friend – Lucy – coming along to this summer camp with her. Lucy was from the United States, from Chicago, and she was brought to this summer Camp Manitou because her mother was Canadian and went also to this camp when she was young (p. ,bl. 3, par. 3/4). Her father who lost one eye in the war was American. When Lois was fourteen they went on a one week canoe trip which was Lois first- and her last one (p. 1, bl. 2). In this year – Atwood writes on page three block three – Lucy was different. She had different interests and did other things than in the past summer camps. Her father had a new wife, her mother a new husband. Lucy had a boyfriend who was sixteen and worked as a gardener’s assistant. She wasn’t happy with her stepfather and didn’t want to live with her father either. She wanted to run away from home (P. 3, bl. 3). When they left the camp to their canoe trip another character is introduced to the story. This is Cappie, the boss and the owner of Camp Manitou, who got the camp from her parents, and now – in the costume of an American native – sends the girls on their trip to the Canadian wilderness. Cappie wanted to be an Indian, adventurous and pure and aboriginal. The first two days of the canoe trip passed normally and nothing dangerous or spectacular happened. But then Atwood describes the third day on page 5 block one. They reached camp three â€Å"Little Birch† and Lois remembered any details of the happenings to the present day. Lois and her friend Lucy wanted to go on a lookout point, a cliff high above the water, to have a look at the view from there. On top of the cliff Lucy wanted to take a pee and Lois gave her some toilet paper. To give her privacy she walked away and let Lucy alone, just a few steps, just a few minutes. Lois heard Lucy shouting, no shout of fear, not a scream (page 6, block 1 at the end). When she returned to pick up her friend Lucy wasn’t there anymore. Lois got a shock and returned to the others. All searches remained unsuccessful. Lucy was gone and no one knows where she was, there was no trace of her at all. They broke up their trip and returned to Camp Manitou. The Police was looking for Lucy with dogs but couldn’t find a trace. Because of the loss of a child the camp did not survive. It was closed later. Cappie had a last questioning with Lois and asked Lois what she had talked with Lucy before she had disappeared. Lois told her that Lucy talked about diving from the cliff but Lois answer was â€Å"you have to be nuts† (p. ,bl2). Then Cappie said, â€Å"sometimes we are angry and we don’t know it, we lose our temper†. She was accusing Lois of pushing Lucy off the cliff. This was unfair and hits the girl like a slap (p. 7,bl. 2). – Now Lois is an old woman living alone in her apartment and realizes that she lived all her life with a feeling of guilt implanted in her fourteen year old head by Cappie, the owner of the camp. Death by Landscape does not end at this point. Lois is looking at the paintings on her wall. In all her paintings she sees her friend Lucy and she still can hear her shouting. On page eight block one Atwood writes that a dead person is a body and occupies space, a grave, but Lucy has no body, no grave. She only exists in Lois’ mind and – in her pictures on the wall. â€Å"You can’t see her exactly, but she’s there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 8, block 2). Everyone has to be somewhere and the paintings are where Lucy is. In Lois’ mind she is still alive. Lois was going through the happenings of this particular day again and again, throughout her life, torturing herself with guilt and never really finding peace. This feeling of guilt was implanted in her mind from the frustrated owner of Camp Manitou, knowing about the consequences of the loss of a child in her camp. Lois knew that she didn’t push Lucy off the cliff, but she left her alone, just for a moment, unattended and unwatched, knowing about her unhappy family situation, knowing Lucy didn’t want to return to her family (p. 5, bl. 2). When Lucy said that she didn’t want to go back to Chicago this indicates even possible thoughts of suicide. As an adult Lois was able to see this, but as a fourteen year old child, as a friend of Lucy†¦? Lois had to live with this guilt all her life. Cappie, the owner of Camp Manitou wanted to have a reason for the loss of her camp. She wanted to have somebody to blame. She got what she wanted, not for the press, not for the police, but for herself. Lois said â€Å"Ididn’t! on page 7 block 2 and Coppie answered â€Å"didn’t what Lois? † – push my friend†¦ – left my friend†¦ – hit my friend†¦ – we don’t know exactly what Lois didn’t do, but Cappie planted guilt in the teenagers head, guilt the little girl had to live with for the rest of her life. Cappie needed an excuse for her own failure. Atwood’s story is very thrilling, entertaining and exciting. There are actually two stories in one. The first one is the story of Lois, the old lady living in her apartment in Toronto, thinking of her past, of her entire life. She could hardly remember important things of her life, what her husband looked like, the birth of her boys, but one life changing event she remembered in all the details like it had happened yesterday. On the other hand is the story of the young Lois and the terrifying disappearance of her friend Lucy. There is a lot of foreshadowing in the story what makes the reader suggesting that something terrible might happen. On page one block two Atwood writes it was Lois first canoe trip and it was her last one. The reader can already imagine that something bad happens to her on this trip. Another example is to read on page three block three when Atwood writes that she – Lucy – wants to run away from home. Also Lucy herself indicates later in the story that she doesn’t want to return to Chicago and finally on the cliff she tells her friend that it would be quite a dive off here (p. 5,bl. at the end). Atwood also uses allusions in her story. On page one block two she describes the reason for Lois to buy all these landscape paintings . She wanted something that was in them, although she could not have said what it was at the time. At the end it was her friend Lucy whom she saw in all these paintings. On page three in block two the author writes that Lucy always had a surprise or two. Something to show, a marvel to reveal. The reader immediately wants to know what is it, what does she have to show? This makes the story so exciting and keeps the readers curiosity. Canadian children go to a summer camp sooner or later in their lives. It is a part of their education. Nature is never far in Canada. Therefore everything is intimate and familiar, nothing is really strange for a Canadian reader. When the kids hang their open food into the trees to save it from eventually appearing bears the Canadians can find themselves in the story. The major happening itself is something we can find in nearly every daily newspaper. Kids disappear, are missing, being killed or accidently die. Everybody can imagine the shock of the participators. To conclude the Death by Landscape Margarete Atwood drew a wonderful picture of her Canadian home country in a captivating story. Enhancing the reader she reminds the necessity of intact families, the taking care of growing up children and the unpredictable things that can happen. Also Atwood describes the terrifying feelings of guilt which can drive someone to delusion and madness. Lois never forgot her friend in all those years, she still hears her voice and sees her image in her landscape paintings. This gives her friend Lucy a place for her body which has never been found in the Canadian wilderness.